by Beth Bruno 03/16/2001
Food Dye -- Red-40
Q: Several weeks ago, my four-year-old grandson began acting
strangely -- irritable, having tantrums, belligerent with playmates
-- quite unlike his usual playful, happy self. There were no
environmental precipitants that we could identify. His parents
are together; his mother stays home to care for the children;
he had suffered no traumas, such as illness, injury or death
in the family. Nothing had changed, or so we thought. Then one
afternoon, shortly after eating a fruit roll-up, he developed
hives and facial swelling. Clearly, he was allergic to something
in this snack food, so we discussed possibilities with the doctor.
The doctor had read about isolated cases of allergies to food
additives and dyes, so we checked labels on other foods he had
been eating recently and discovered a common ingredient: Red-40,
a food dye present in many foods, drinks and even some children's
vitamins.
Ever since my grandson's parents eliminated all foods containing
Red-40 from his diet, he has been totally fine. No more tantrums,
belligerence or irritability at the levels we had been seeing
before (every four-year-old gets ornery once in awhile). No more
allergic reactions so far either.
What do you know about these food dyes? Are they toxic to
children?
A: I do not know the answer to your questions, but they have
certainly piqued my curiosity! Here is some of the information
I found on the Internet:
First of all, I found several similar anecdotal accounts about
negative reactions to Red-40 or other color additives to foods.
For example, one mother reported an important discovery she made
regarding her daughter's constant behavior problems since 18
months of age. By the time her daughter was five she had been
diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
Oppositional Defiant Disorder nad Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
She was taking medications for all of these conditions. By chance,
this mother spoke with a homeopathic physician who recommended
that the parents stop all Red-40 food dye from their daughter's
diet. They found it in pop tarts, most over-the-counter medication,
Doritos, breakfast cereals, candy and many more foods and drinks.
As soon as they stopped their daughter's consumption of Red-40,
this mother reported, ALL of the child's problems went away.
They say that she is now a happy, sweet, obedient and smart little
girl with no significant behavioral problems. The mother said,
"This discovery has been nothing short of miraculous for
us."
In another example, a father reported that his son, between
18 months and 3 years of age, had a terrible time falling asleep
and slept fitfully. Someone at the child's preschool suggested
he eliminate Red-40 and Yellow-5 food dyes from the boy's diet.
The differences were nearly instantaneous. Not only does his
son fall asleep readily and sleep soundly, but he also has a
calmer disposition and better attitude during the day. The improvements
have persisted; his son was eight years old when the father recounted
this history.
In a third example, a father described his son's asthma during
the first five years of life. His symptoms were not seasonal,
exercise-induced or predictable. His attacks were severe and
included vomiting, which the father was told was normal for asthma.
The boy was treated with inhalers, an at-home nebulizer (breathing
treatments) and several different medications. There were also
hospitalizations for severe attacks. The parents, at their wit's
end, read an article about the possible effects of artificial
food coloring on some children. They decided to try an experiment.
They eliminated all food dyes from their son's diet. Not only
did his health improve dramatically, they report, but so did
his disposition. Twenty-two months have passed since they began
their "experiment," and their son has not had a single
asthma attack. The parents hasten to add that they do not think
all cases of asthma are related to food dyes, and they are certainly
prepared to continue their son's medical treatments if his asthma
returns.
Note from Beth Bruno: I have not met these parents personally,
so I know nothing about their circumstances other than what they
have reported online. Please discuss your child's care with your
pediatrician or other health care provider.
The following excerpts are taken from a brochure entitled,
"Food Color Facts," published in 1993 by the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA).
"Early civilizations such as the Romans recognized that
people "eat with their eyes" as well as their palates.
Saffron and other spices were often used to provide a rich yellow
color to various foods. Butter has been colored yellow as far
back as the 1300s.
"Today all food color additives are carefully regulated
by federal authorities to ensure that foods are safe to eat and
accurately labeled. This brochure provides helpful background
information about color additives, why they are used in foods
and regulations governing their safe use in the food supply.
"Certifiable color additives are manmade, with each batch
being tested by manufacturer and FDA. This approval process,
known as color additive certification, assures the safety, quality,
consistency and strength of the color additive prior to its use
in foods.
"There are nine certified colors approved for use in
food in the United States. They are: Blue#1, Blue#2, Green#3,
Red#40, Red#3, Yellow#5, Yellow#6, Orange B and Citrus Red#2.
The last two (Orange B and Citrus Red#2 are restricted to specific
uses.)
"Some color additives are exempt from certification,
including pigment derived from natural sources such as vegetables,
minerals or animals, and man-made counterparts of natural derivatives.
For example, caramel color is produced commercially by heating
sugar and other carbohydrates under strictly controlled conditions
for use in sauces, gravies, soft drinks, baked goods and other
foods.
"Both types of color additives, certifiable or exempt,
are subject to rigorous standards of safety prior to their approval
for use in foods. "The Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic
Act of 1938 made food color additive certification mandatory.
... In 1960, The Color Additive Amendments to the 1938 Act placed
color additives on a "provisional" list and required
further testing using up-to-date procedures. One section of the
amendment prohibits adding to any food (any) substance that has
been shown to cause cancer in animals or man regardless of the
dose. "According to the Nutrition Labeling and Education
Act of 1990, a certifiable color additive used in food must be
listed in the ingredient statement by its common or usual name.
All labels printed after July 1, 1991 must comply with this requirement.
"... Yellow#5 may cause hives in fewer than one out of
10,000 people. There is no evidence the color additive Yellow#5
in goods provokes asthma attacks nor that aspirin-intolerant
individuals may have a cross-sensitivity to the color. "The
theory that 'food additives cause hyperactivity' was popularized
in the 1970s. Well-controlled studies conducted since then have
produced no evidence that food color additives cause hyperactivity
or learning disabilities in children. ... elimination diets should
not be used universally to treat hyperactivity, since there is
no scientific evidence to predict which children may benefit."
Note from Beth Bruno: This information above is intended to
raise questions for your consideration. I trust that the FDA
is continuously monitoring and testing food coloring and other
food additives for their safety to humans. Please discuss your
questions and findings about these or other subjects of relevance
to your health or the health of your children with the appropriate
medical professionals.
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