Food coloring and hyperactivity?
by Sue Gilbert, MS
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Q
We just arrived in the U.S. from South Africa. We have two
boys -- a six-year-old and a four-year-old. They were normal
children until they ate anything containing tartrazine -- then
they became hyperactive and had trouble sleeping. So we stayed
away from all such foods.
Someone told us that tartrazine is known as yellow #5 here.
Is that true? We also see a lot of other yellow and red #'s.
Do any of them also contribute to hyperactivity?
Please help!
A
Yes, tartrazine is also known as FD & C yellow #5. It
has been associated with allergic reactions. For example, in
a study published in 1978, 122 patients who had a variety of
diagnosed allergic reactions were given 50 milligrams of tartrazine.
This dose elicited reactions such as palpitations, weakness,
hives and itching in these susceptible individuals; 50 millgrams
is a large dose, but could be consumed by someone drinking a
few bottles of soda during the day.
This food dye can be found in prepared breakfast cereals,
gelatin desserts, dry drink powders, candy, ice cream, spaghetti,
bakery products and pudding. It is important to note that there
is a connection between people allergic to aspirin and allergic
reactions to tartrazine.
There have also been reports of an association of behavioral
changes such as restlessness, irritability and sleep disturbances
in children, just as you have reported. These reports have been
criticized for methodological shortcomings, and perhaps other
factors also play into the behavioral changes. Nonetheless, it
is a good idea to avoid the dye if such an association is suspected.
It is easy to eliminate it from the diet of children since its
presence in foods is required to be on the label. Sticking to
a diet of only whole, natural foods will help make its avoidance
much easier, as it is only present in processed foods.
Although other food dyes and additives have been implicated
in hyperactivity, no definitive association has ever been made.
It may be that an allergic reaction has been mistakenly diagnosed
as a hyperactivity disorder. It is also possible that some children
do respond to a diet free of food dyes and synthetic additives.
A diet that shuns highly processed foods and relies mainly on
fresh, whole natural foods is certainly a good choice for anyone,
but a child who is suspected of being sensitive to additives
would surely benefit. It may also be that a diet that focuses
on whole natural foods has a psychological benefit in that care
is being given to the preparation and eating of foods, rather
than a reliance on processed "fast" foods. There may
be a more relaxed and wholesome attitude that recognizes the
vital role that food plays in our health and well-being.
In sum, it seems that among the food dyes, yellow dye #5 has
the strongest link to allergic, and possible behavioral, reactions
in children. However, any food ingredient, natural or synthetic,
has the potential to cause an allergic reaction. If you are concerned
that your sons' reaction to yellow #5 may also indicate a susceptibility
to other dyes, then you should take precautions to avoid foods
that contain them.
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